Hag’s Nook by John Dickson Carr

Hag’s Nook is a detective story by John Dickson Carr that is first published in 1933. It is a mystery type of novel and the first to feature in the series of detective Gideon Fell. The author, John Dickson Carr was born in 1906 in Uniontown, Pennsylvania. His first published detective novel, It Walks by Night, was published in 1930 featuring the Frenchman Henri Bencolin. Apart from Dr. Fell, whose first appearance was in 1933 in Hag?s Nook, Sir Henry Merrivale, who debuted in The Plague Court Murders in 1934 was Carr?s other series detectives. The synopsis goes this way: Young American Tad Rampole is travelling in England who meets and falls in love with Dorothy Starberth, in a chance meet on a railway platform. Within a short period of time, after an introduction letter made by Rampole to Dr. Gideon Fell both become engaged in the affairs of the Starberth family. Dr. Fell discovers the truth behind the legends after Martin Starberth is murdered. Chaterham Prison was the legend in the village. Abandoned for a hundred of years and had kept its secrets of extreme fear and death. The Starberths die of broken necks. He must arrange ancient superstition from modern-day malice to guarantee that the responsible criminal does not go and not punished. This novel emotionally moved me clearly to the days of reading Ripper. It was quite interesting to imagine the traps and see how the villain lured their victims. Lastly, I am definitely recommending this novel Hag’s Nook for those who likes reading detective stories that is full of suspense and mystery.

Jesus Christ and Miracles Essay

A miracle is basically an event that cannot be fully explained by science and sometimes defies logic and reasoning. Generally, miracles are attributed to positive things such as a person suddenly being cured from devastating or a person waking from a deep coma after a lot of years. However, miracles are also attributed to persons and possibly the best person whom miracles are associated with is Jesus Christ. According to Wikipedia, Jesus Christ performed many miracles which include curing the sick, exorcising demons from people, controlling nature, and raising dead people, among others. Moreover, possibly the most popular miracles that Jesus performed based on Wikipedia are the turning of water into wine, the exorcism of seven evil spirits from Mary Magdalene, the healing of the mute, the blind, the deaf, and the leper, walking on water, the multiplication of small amounts of fish and bread, the raising of Lazarus from the dead, the transubstantiation of bread and wine, and his own resurrection from the dead, among many others. Basically, according to Wikipedia, Jesus performed miracles in order to show everyone that the divine power of God, His Father is real. In addition, the general view of the Catholic Church according to Wikipedia is that Jesus mainly performed miracles not only to help those who are in need but to convert non-believers into believers. However, according to Wikipedia, modern analysts of the Bible claim that miracles that Jesus performed were merely symbols and metaphors. For example, healing the blind served as a symbol for people who could not see the truth even though it is presented clear on their faces and healing the dead was a metaphor for people who could not or refused to listen to the truth. Nevertheless, the prevailing perception still is that miracles are the good, yet improbable things that happen in a person’s life and that Jesus Christ is the main performer of these miracles Works Cited Wikipedia. org. 2008. â€Å"Jesus. † 12 April 2008 .

Biology Osmosis Observation

Biology laboratory work: Osmosis observation Measuring the dependence of net mass gain in potato pieces on concentration of sugar solution By Jonas Kulikauskas Siauliai Didzdvaris Gymnasium Hypothesis: The more sugar in solution, the more potato mass will decrease. Aim: To see how potato mass will change at different concentration solution. Research question: How the mass of potato will change at different concentration solutions? Variables: Dependent: solution concentration.Independent: sugar concentration in potatoes. Controlled: time, potato form. Apparatus: 1. 5 plastic cups 2. Distilated water 3. Potato 4. Knife 5. Clock 6. Electronical scales (Â ±0,05) 7. Bag of sugar 8. Measuring cylinder 9. Tap water Method: Peeling down the potato and cutting it into 1cm3 cubes (25 cubes) Weighing potatoes on the scales Putting different amount of sugar into five plastic cups (1st no sugar 2nd 6,8g 3rd 13,7g 4th 20,5 5th 27,4g) Adding 100ml of water to each of the cups Mixing the sugar with waterPutting in 5 potatoes into each cup Waiting 20 minutes Pulling out the potatoes, drying them up and putting on the scales Writing down new mass. Amount of sugar in solutionSolution concentration %Cup numberMass of five cubes before(Â ±0,05g)Mass of five cubes after (Â ±0,05g) 0g0%15,8g6g 6,8g6,37%25,1g5,2g 13,7g12,05%35,5g5,3g 20,5g17. 01%45,6g5,4g 27,4g21,51%55,5g5,3g Graph: While the concentration is from 0% to 6,37% the net mass gets bigger, later on from 12,05% to 21,51% the net mass gets smaller.When the concentration is from 0% to 6,37% the net mass change is positive, when from 17. 01% to 21,51% – negative. Conclusion: The potato lost more mass as it was submerged in bigger concentration solutions because the bigger concentration difference is, the osmosis will occurs more intensively. Evaluation: I think that laboratory work went pretty well, I managed to see the differences in potato mass change and make a conclusion of it. Next time I should write down origi nal numbers and not rounded ones to give more accurate results.

CAsE fOr AnALYsis Does This Milkshake Taste funny Article

CAsE fOr AnALYsis Does This Milkshake Taste funny - Article Example Time played the major role in justifying the removal of the filters. In the case study, the time for the production was elapsing and George and his team had not finished their daily duties. The reason for their failure to complete their duty on time was the filters that clogged with maggots. This made the team to remove the filter so that they can speed up production in order to beat the time deadline for their daily production. Therefore, time was the major cause of the unethical practice of producing milk contaminated with maggots. Running the production process without filters in this plant speeds up the production process. As a result, the plant could produce more products in the allocated time. This is one of the reasons why a choice to run the product without filters would be made. The other reason is the absence of the management. Management would have been worried more about quality than time thus hindering such a decision. One of the dynamics contributing to this choice is that the products go through a homogenizer, which can remove all the solid matter after production in the plant. The other dynamic is that the product would be going through pasteurization process. This process would kill any bacteria that might be in the product. Producing contaminated products for consumers is very unethical. If I were George, I would not agree to remove all the filters in the production plant. Instead, I would clean the filters and put them back to the plant. As a result, the product would be free of maggots. However, as the production team, we would not be able to produce the required daily capacity. Moreover, my relationship with colleagues especially Paul would be greatly affected. Occurrence of choices made in the case study was caused by time limitation. To avoid occurrence of such choices, the management should stop focusing on quantity and time and start focusing on

Career Profile - Computer Programmer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Career Profile - Computer Programmer - Essay Example When I thought of who I would interview about computer programming, Matt came to mind. He is a senior system operation manager at Dixie Electric Company. He has been a computer programmer for 25 years since his graduation from the Massachusetts University of Technology. He stood five feet tall, charming and very jovial. I initially met him during graduation party of one of my friends, where he was the main speaker. He gave a keynote address that forever ringed in me. How could I forget him? On this particular day, I meet him in his office. ‘Hello, Shen! It’s been a while. How are you fairing on?† He said as he welcomed me into his spacious office. It looked quite expensive.Gold linings donned the walls, with hanging frames of awards of his exemplary performance. â€Å"He must be living well,† I said to myself. After exchanging pleasantries, we delved into the subject matter. He acknowledged that his interest in computers began way back during his days in hig h school. During his senior year in high school, he decided to pursue computer programming as a career. He notes that most employers look for programmers who have had at least four-year training in programming. He reaches out to two files of applicants that sought an opportunity at the firm. â€Å"These are potential candidates who may have their application considered, â€Å"he interjects as he hands me the files to have a quick look. Matt is a strict person and a perfectionist. He always means what he says. What was his motivation in computers?

Report assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Report assignment - Essay Example gage in their respected activities regarding their mutual aid as well as protection which includes communicating and coordinating with each other on a regular basis for the basis of their employment and any potential dispute regarding their employment. However, I have come across a few instances which have raised a matter of concern for me as an employer. Though we as higher management are allowed to prohibit social media for employees during working hours, employees cannot be deterred from using during their break time. Strategies like placing a firewall access for social media sites or any other websites which can harm employee productivity can be used to improve the working measures. Such strategies will certainly not prove to be an illicit or illegal provision lawful and will certainly not be proved that an employer has conducted unfair labor practice over its policy and in this case, such labor policies should not be very broad and should not be administered in a manner which restricts or violate employee rights. Before we take any step or implement any policy, we have to be absolutely sure to consult it with our counsel and regulators and have to assess and analyze the use of such strategies. It is a fact that employees feel vulnerable if they perceive that their rights have been restricted by their employers or they are prohibited from certain activities without any elaboration or reason. Due to this reason, we have to implement certain policies and procedures which can implicate privacy issues but also helps us to mitigate any potential threats or risk which looms large over our organization. Such strategy will also help our organization to confirm that we have been able to make organizational media policies in a manner which are unbiased and are also irrational. Rules and policies which are ambiguous or irrelevant should be avoided and must not contain any words or sentences which indicate any sign that the rights of employees have been restricted or

Research paper for culture Geography---Female role in work place Essay

Research paper for culture Geography---Female role in work place - Essay Example For example, in the 19th-century in the northeastern part of England women were excluded from employment in coal mining. They were bestowed with heavy burdens of unpaid domestic labor in their capacity of being wives and often daughters. It is very evident that wages were paid differently to men and women from the statistical example of 19th century. Women were seriously disempowered in all walks of lives. McDowell and Massey argued, â€Å"male supremacy...became an established, and almost unchallenged, fact† (1984, p. 132). Women were faced with unequal pay and other forms of gender equality. Women â€Å"do not often gesture and stride, stretch and push to the limits of our physical capabilities† (Rose, 1993, p. 144). This notion said by Rose should be interpreted as; women are much more capable of what they believe to be. Should they push themselves a little bit forward, they can make the best leaders. The geography has ever since supported the notion of separate public and domestic spheres; based on this ideological divide, women has had limited access to the public sphere. There exist certain structures and practices that work towards men’s advantage and women’s disadvantage. Bartram & Showbrook aptly says, â€Å"The debate has emphasized the importance of patriarchal relations in defining social and cultural roles for women in the workplace† (1998). It is widely proven that women have been highly underrepresented at work places. This particular fact needs immediate attention and redressed. According to the Royal commission report (1984) on Equality in Employment, there are four groups of people in Canada who are historically considered disadvantaged in employment policies and practices--Native people, visible minorities, persons with disabilities, and women. This is so because many discriminatory and unfair employment practices. Compared to ancient times, the workplace began to open up for increased number of women. Women had to

American Imperialism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

American Imperialism - Essay Example The term imperialism is almost exclusively associated with colonial exploits of major European powers such as Britain, France and Germany in the West; and China and Japan in the East. Although a late joiner of the imperial club, the United States is by far the most dominant in this group. With the entity called the United States of America having emerged only toward the end of the eighteenth century, it was only in the subsequent centuries it meaningfully expressed its imperial goals. The perception of the United States as an imperialist state was first mooted in the early part of the nineteenth century and the outbreak of the Spanish-American war in 1898 confirmed this fact. Indeed, the final years of the 19th century saw the peaking of American imperialist aggression as it occupied Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippine Islands – the latter two eventually becoming American colonies. (Lens & Zinn, 2003) The early indicators of imperialist tendency can be found in the founding d ocuments of the country. Even luminaries such as Thomas Jefferson have articulated an imperialist vision for the United States in no unclear terms. The annexation of Louisiana in the eighteenth century is seen as the first act of this vision. ... Empire expansion was also projected as benign and compassionate, for Christian missionary work was invariably associated with it. Propaganda also had it that the standards of living of subjects of the empire will eventually rise. On the whole, imperialist enterprise was promoted using these vapid and empty slogans and motives. (Lens & Zinn, 2003) Recognizing the duplicity and dubiousness of these claims, intellectuals both within and outside the country started expressing their discontent. The ruthlessness and gruesomeness with which Filipino uprising was crushed evoked shock and anger among some of America's illustrious citizens including Andrew Carnegie and William James. It is in this context that they founded American Anti-Imperialist League in 1899. â€Å"We hold that the policy known as imperialism is hostile to liberty and tends toward militarism, an evil from which it has been our glory to be free. We regret that it has become necessary in the land of Washington and Lincoln to reaffirm that all men, of whatever race or color, are entitled to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. We maintain that governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed. We insist that the subjugation of any people is "criminal aggression" and open disloyalty to the distinctive principles of our Government.† ( Platform of the American Anti-imperialist League, 1913, p.77) The League might have been promoted by well-known leaders of the American cultural landscape, but it had the backing of numerous lesser-known liberals. The identification of American foreign policy as imperialist might seem politically radical for a modern reader, but during the 19th century there was a vibrant Left-Liberal tradition in American political discourse. Trade unions could be

Module 3 and Module 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Module 3 and Module 4 - Essay Example Various activities in the organization such as coaching and developing a team, implementation of a new software system as well as helping with strategic planning requires changes. The ultimate goal of most business consultants is changing something for the better when conducting fact-finding and training as well as evaluating programs (Brooks & Edwards, 2014). Changes process in the organization is more emotional-laden, and, therefore, professional consultants are required to ensure it takes place efficiently. Change process is never an easy task. Most clients are always opposed to having their worlds reordered in manner that is out of their control and influences their well-being. Although the change is often done for the better, initiating it in a business organization requires the commitment of the consultancy department. Studies have indicated that negative emotions in response to the ongoing change process in the organization are often linked to negative perceptions such as an insecure future, inadequate working condition and inadequate treatment by the organizations. The impact is likely to be employee withdrawal, as well as employee trust (Brooks & Edwards, 2014). It is the work of a consultant to ensure that employees gain confidence in the change process, as well as the executives. Change is considered a challenge to the human brain by the various psychiatrist and neuroscientists. For a change to take place, the action center of the brain has to be activated. The human brain has to process forces against change, as well as forces for change. Resistant to change is often associated with the missing emotions and rarely an absent thought process. People tend increase the values of their choices after developing them. The reward center of the brain is often activated in favor of the decisions that have been made by individuals rather than those that have been rejected. In addition, the

Defining Reason and Morality in Kant Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Defining Reason and Morality in Kant - Essay Example Investigating the validity of this point then moves into reliance on both the morality which Kant sees as true as well as how other circumstances would change the decisions made by an individual. Kant’s Theory of Rational Morality The main principle which Kant has created is based on the ideology that each individual should be treated with equal respect. The ethical consideration is based on a sense of reason that each individual should have. Kant states that reason is what requires one to act in a humanitarian way, specifically which requires looking at circumstances instead of the end means in a given situation. The ideology is to use morality with the understanding that humanity is the most important aspect of practicing morals, whereas, the individual beliefs and life of an individual is not as important as the whole. More important, Kant’s belief sates that when one is able to create equal respect toward individuals, then there is the ability of building a formula which stops the disrespect and other forms of unethical values which are often created (Hill, 1980: p. 84). The idea of respect is one that is then further defined with the concept of morality, value and what the end result will be if these ideologies are withheld in any given situation. The theory behind this is based on altering the foundational principles for justice and humanitarian acts toward others in society. The concept which Kant creates is one which he leaves as a basis of being logical in terms of creating responses within the way in which an individual treats another. The requirement which Kant states is one based on three approaches which are linked to the logic of this discussion. The first is based on the preservation of rational will, which states that each individual should have the capacity to decide and rationalize how to treat another individual. The second principle is respect for human dignity and integrity. Even if there is a situation in which one is unable to justify the end result, the ability to keep integrity and dignity as a main association becomes more important. The third which Kant states is based on the end which eventually takes place. When applying reason to a given situation, it is known that each individual has the capacity to overcome the situation. If justice and forms of overcoming a specific situation remain intact, then the means eventually justify the ends with the right end decisions being made (Green, 2001: p. 247). From several perspectives, the ideologies of Kant are able to show logical solutions to given circumstances and environmental needs. For instance, in the ethics of business, there is the ability to apply this specific concept to change the circumstances of a situation. When a manager or leader is able to use reason and actions based on humanitarian ideologies then it helps to offer better advancement within the company. This attribute is often referred to as a form of transformational leadership. When the right and reasonable decision is made with the manager, than others will begin to transform and follow the same approach and perspective. This creates a sense of attraction to doing the right action in any given circumstance while building a sense of moral principles that are followed by others within a given environment

Summary of chapter 10 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summary of chapter 10 - Essay Example This is unlike the case in dividends on stock; thus, stockholders are less likely to acquire financial returns as compared to bondholders (Kelly & McGowen 135). Trading securities markets are of two types; primary and secondary markets. Primary securities market refers to when corporations gain more financial capital by selling new securities (Kelly & McGowen 137). On the other hand, secondary securities market trades the previous securities to gain financial capital. Issuing of securities in the primary market occurs in two methods, that is, through a public offering or private placements. Private placements are faster, easier and cheaper as compared to a public offering (Kelly & McGowen 138). In the secondary market, the firms that issue bonds and stock do not receive additional finance when they trade their securities. However, an advantage to the firm is that, at secondary market price, of their stock reflects the investor opinion about the firm’s management (Kelly & McGowen 138). Investors need to keep track on the performance of securities in the market. A major way is to track stock indices. These include; Dow Jones Industrial average, Standard and Poor’s 500 and the NASDAQ Composite Index. These indices help to update the investor and guide him or her in the way of investing (Kelly & McGowen

Policy and Strategy in Global Competition Essay Example for Free

Policy and Strategy in Global Competition Essay Discussion Question 6.1: What are some drawbacks and risks to a broad generic business strategy? To a focused strategy? The two generic business strategies are differentiation and cost-leadership strategies, and they are fundamentally different from one another, both with their own drawbacks and risks (Rothaermel, 2013). These strategies are referred to as â€Å"generic† because they may be used by any type of organization (Rothaermel, 2013). The drawbacks and risks of a differentiation generic strategy is its viability â€Å"is severely undermined when the focus of competition shifts to price rather than value-creating features† (Rothaermel, 2013, p. 155). This tends to occur when there is a level of acceptable quality which has emerged as a standard (Rothaermel, 2013). Organizations pursuing this strategy also need to ensure that they are not adding features which add cost but no â€Å"perceived value in the minds of consumers† (Rothaermel, 2013, p. 155). The drawbacks and risks of a cost-leadership strategy are that new entrants may erode the low-cost leader’s margins because of the â€Å"loss in market share while it attempts to learn new capabilities† (Rothaermel, 2013, p. 154). Also, the converse of the differentiation strategy issue applies, in that organizations need to ensure that the â€Å"focus of competition shifts from price to non-price attributes† (Rothaermel, 2013, p. 154). The organization needs to also be careful not to allow the value of the product or service to fall below the low-cost at which the product or service is offered (Rothaermel, 2013). A focused strategy applies the same concepts as the generic strategies above, but the focused strategy utilizes a more narrow competitive scope than the generic strategies (Rothaermel, 2013). The competitive scope refers to the market segment at which the product or service being offered is aimed (Rothaermel, 2013). An example would be the broad market of wristwatches to the more focused market of luxury watches  (Rothaermel, 2013). Discussion Question 6.4: Create examples of value chains for three firms: one using cost leadership, another using differentiation, and a third using an integration business-level strategy. A value chain is the process in which â€Å"a firm engages when transforming inputs into outputs† (Rothaermel, 2013, p. 95). It is made up of primary activities, which add value directly, and support activities, which add value indirectly (Rothaermel, 2013). Primary activities include production phases, sales, marketing, and customer service (Rothaermel, 2013). Support activities include research and development, â€Å"information systems, operations management, human resources, finance, accounting, and general management† (Rothaermel, 2013, p. 96). Cost leadership firm: As discussed above, a cost-leadership strategy involves maintaining the lowest price of a particular service or product (Rothaermel, 2013). A prime example of a cost-leadership firm would be Walmart (Rothaermel, 2013 ). Walmart’s value chain would begin with its supply chain, which is made up of suppliers with whom Walmart has negotiated the lowest price possible, at a volume sufficient enough to fill its shelves (Rothaermel, 2013). The next link in the value chain would be Walmart’s distribution and operations. Walmart has been able to reduce packaging and mileage, allowing for significant cost savings (Porter Kramer, 2011). Walmart’s sheer size creates significant savings through economies of scale (Rothaermel, 2013). Lastly would be marketing, sales, and service, in Walmart’s value chain. Walmart focuses on â€Å"Saving people money so they can live better†, and continues to take innovative steps to do so (Walmart, 2015). The company has even created a mobile app called the â€Å"Savings Catcher† which allows customers to scan their Walmart receipt to capture savings that they would have missed otherwise (Walmart, 2015). This is a marketing effort which impacts sales and services in a major way. Differentiation: Apple is an ideal example of an organization utilizing a differentiation strategy (Rothaermel, 2013). Apple seems to be able to â€Å"create customer needs (even if customers are initially unaware of the need)† (Rothaermel, 2013, p. 155). Apple’s value chain will differ from Walmart, and other cost-leadership strategy firms, in that it will have a greater focus on the development of their products and in its marketing and customer service. It will focus on product development in an effort to ensure their products continue to set the bar in their respective  categories (Rothaermel, 2013). Apple will also focus on marketing and customer service to ensure that new and current customers are aware of the products’ areas of superiority (Rothaermel, 2013). Integration Business-Level: Hewlett Packard (â€Å"HP†) is an example of an organization that is using the integration business-level strategy, which is a combination of the differentiation and cost-leadership strategies (Rothaermel, 2013). HP utilizes this strategy because Apple holds the differentiation position while Dell holds the cost-leader position in the mobile devices market (Rothaermel, 2013). For this reason, HP must seek to implement both the cost-saving strategies in supply chain management, like Walmart, and the differentiation strategies in product design, like Apple (Rothaermel, 2013). There are differences, however, in the value chain between HP and the two companies above. HP has sought to cut costs by trimming its workforce, thereby helping in its cost-leadership strategy (Rothaermel, 2013). In regard to its design efforts, HP has improved â€Å"the differential appeal of its product and service offerings† (Rothaermel, 2013, p. 162). Chapter 7 Discussion Question 7.1: What strategy might the firm use to unseat Windows in this market? Although the small firm has developed a new product, it is a product which will be introduced into an industry which is most likely in the growth or maturity stage of the industry life cycle (Rothaermel, 2013). As such, the small firm’s best strategy would be to employ a cost-leadership strategy (Rothaermel, 2013). This is the best option because both the differentiation and cost-leadership strategy are viable options during the growth stage, but firms that adopt the cost-leadership strategy which dominate during the maturity stage (Rothaermel, 2013). The small firm’s new product is likely considered a process innovation, as it seeks to accomplish the same tasks in a more efficient manner (Rothaermel, 2013). Discussion Question 7.2: How does the industry life cycle affect business strategy? Detail your answer based on each stage: introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. During the introduction stage of the industry life cycle, the companies which tend to be, and stay successful, are innovative and tend to be few  (Rothaermel, 2013). As such, the strategy used during this stage is likely the differentiation strategy, since firms are seeking to establish the uniqueness of their products’ features (Rothaermel, 2013). The growth stage tends to allow organizations to be a little freer to decide which strategy would work best for them (Rothaermel, 2013). It is during this stage that a dominant design, or standard, is established, which means that firms may choose to differentiate their product, or choose to attempt to offer the same type of product at a lesser cost (Rothaermel, 2013). The maturity stage begins to see less design changes and more process innovations within the industry (Rothaermel, 2013). For this reason, it is cost-leaders that tend to succeed during this stage (Rothaermel, 2013). The decline stage differs from those above, as it introduces four strategic options for firms to pursue: (1) exit, (2) harvest, (3) maintain, and (4) consolidate (Rothaermel, 2013). The exit strategy is precisely as it says: it involves the firm choosing to leave the market to pursue other endeavors (Rothaermel, 2013). The harvest strategy means that the firm will still sell the product or service, but will reduce the level of investment in its maintenance and development (Rothaermel, 2013). The maintain strategy is also exactly what it sounds like: the firm continues offering the product or service at the same level as it has been, despite the declining demand (Rothaermel, 2013). The consolidate strategy involves the purchasing of rivals in an effort to shrink the industry, which provides firms employing this strategy to reach near-monopolistic status (Rothaermel, 2013). Discussion Question 7.4: Why are standards important in many industries? As standards get adapted and become dominant, how does this process influence the competitive nature of the industry? Standards are important in many industries because the firm whose product becomes the standard â€Å"tends to capture a larger market share and can persist for a long time† (Rothaermel, 2013, p. 175). Once the standard is adopted, the market tends to focus more on process innovation than on product innovation (Rothaermel, 2013). This means that firms are focusing their RD efforts â€Å"on process innovation in order to improve efficiency† (Rothaermel, 2013, p. 177). Since the standard tends to be set during the growth stage,  either the differentiation or cost-leadership strategy is used, for the reasons discussed above (Rothaermel, 2013). Chapter 8 Discussion Question 8.1: When Walmart decided to incorporate grocery stores into some locations and created â€Å"super-centers,† was this a business-level strategy of differentiation or a corporate-level strategy of diversification? Why? Explain your answer. Walmart’s incorporation of grocery stores into some locations represents a corporate-level strategy of diversification, as opposed to a business-level strategy of differentiation. While business-level strategy typically involves individual markets, corporate-level strategy encompasses decisions which impact multiple markets and industries simultaneously (Rothaermel, 2013). Diversification occurs when a firm seeks to increase â€Å"the variety of products or markets in which to compete† (Rothaermel, 2013, p. 216). By incorporating grocery stores into some of its locations, Walmart made a corporate-level strategy decision to diversify the products offered in its stores, and the markets within which it chose to operate (Rothaermel, 2013). Chapter 9 Discussion Question 9.1: List some specific advantages of this acquisition for Live Nation. Do you see any downside to the merger?  Some advantages to the acquisition of Ticketmaster by Live Nation include: a reduction in competitive intensity, lower costs, increased differentiation, and access to new markets and distribution channels (Rothaermel, 2013). While these are some possible advantages for Live Nation, mergers and acquisitions do not result in a competitive advantage the majority of the time (Rothaermel, 2013). Shareholder value is usually destroyed after a merger and acquisition, and it is only the shareholders of the acquired company that tend to benefit (Rothaermel, 2013). Chapter 10 Discussion Question 10.1: How might your relationship change as the MNE moves from Globalization 2.0 to Globalization 3.0 operations?  Globalization is the process of increasing â€Å"integration and exchange between different countries and peoples worldwide† (Rothaermel, 2013, p. 271). Globalization 2.0 refers to growing business globally from 1945 to 2000 (Rothaermel, 2013). It involved large foreign direct investment, with the  state-side corporate headquarters directing strategic goals and resource allocation (Rothaermel, 2013). Globalization 3.0 covers the time period from 2000 to the present (Rothaermel, 2013). Tremendous strides in technology allow for less need of foreign direct investment, and this stage has allowed the MNE to reorganize as a â€Å"global enterprise with centers of expertise† (Rothaermel, 2013, p. 273). As a small firm supplying a product or service to an MNE, the degree of change which would arise in our relationship, as the firm moved from Globalization 2.0 to Globalization 3.0 operations, would depend heavily on the location and type of services or product provided. The MNE would likely become more dependent on technology for telecommuting and would seek to operate twenty-four hours a day, year round (Rothaermel, 2013). As such, if our service or product was related to the technologies being implemented by the MNE, then the firm would become a larger player in the MNE’s operations. However, if the MNE was able to tap into its own knowledge-base to provide the services or product our small firm provides, then we would no longer be needed by the global giant. References Rothaermel, F. T. (2013). Strategic Management. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Walmart. Our story. Retrieved on January 25, 2015, from http://corporate.walmart.com/our-story/

Gandhis character and leadership style

Gandhis character and leadership style Below analysis of case study from movie Gandhi is based on life of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. M.K. Gandhi after a successful fight against indiscrimination in South Africa devoted rest of his life to lead India to freedom. In the forthcoming sections detailed leader profile of M.K. Gandhi based on observations will be generated. Different leadership aspects, principles, effectiveness, and styles used by Gandhiji in his fight for the independence of India will be demonstrated. Also, part of focus will be the reaction of followers and peers on a very different perspective of leadership and its impact on British Empire. Entire analysis is supported by existing theories, research evidences and empirically grounded data about leadership. Leadership concepts According to Yukl (2010) Leadership can be defined as the process of influencing others to understand and agree about what needs to be done and how to do it, and the process of facilitating individual and collective efforts to accomplish shared objectives. Movie Gandhi based on M.K Gandhis life over the length has very well depicted the various dimensions and aspects of leadership. It portrays the birth of great leader under adverse circumstances, who later on transforms into exceptional leader to lead India to its long awaited independence from British Empire. Movie very well captures number of instances in the life of M.K.Gandhi which have an influential impact on the masses as well as on the viewers. How a leader can effectively and efficiently lead people with an unconventional style and what differentiates a good leader from an extraordinary leader are the highlights of the movie. Over the time different flavours of leadership style under different circumstances can be observed. The legacy of Gandhijis leadership remains one of the most powerful forces for peace in the world, and this film is a superb tribute to it. Charismatic, transformational, ethical leadership aspects are among the few that are quite significantly depicted in the movie. Use of Power and Influence tactics Power is useful for understanding how people are able to influence each other in organization (Mintzberg,1983). Power involves the capacity of one party (the agent) to influence another party (the target). French and Raven (1959) developed taxonomy to classify different types of power according to their source. The taxonomy includes five different types of power as below Reward Power The target person complies in order to obtain reward controlled by the agent. Coercive Power The target person complies in order to avoid punishment controlled by the agent. Legitimate Power The target person complies because he/she believes the agent has the right to make request and the target person has the obligation to comply Expert Power The target person complies because he/she believes that the agent has special knowledge about the best what to do something. Referent Power The target person complies because he/she admires or identifies with the agent and wants to gain the agents approval. Gandhis possession of power was more of a referent kind. As observed in the movie Gandhi always identified himself among the masses. He fought the battle in South Africa with a tie and a suit but when he came to India he changed his attire to that of an Indian peasant. Before he started his mission in Indian Gandhi went across all over India to meet people and know them. For this very reason in one of the scene Gandhi while addressing people says that, the battle for Indian Independence can be fought by being one among them. As illustrated by Dubrin the end results of a leaders influence outcomes are a function of the influence tactics he or she uses. The influence tactics are in turn moderated, or affected by, the leaders traits and behaviours and the situation. He further adds that the three possible outcomes are commitment, compliance, and resistance ( as shown in the figure on next page). Commitment represents the highest degree of success; the target of the influence attempt is enthusiastic about carrying out the request and makes it a full effort. Pretty much like an outcome of the non co-operation movement. Compliance means that the influence attempt is partially successful. The target person is apathetic (not overjoyed) and makes only a modest effort to carry out the request. This type was illustrated when in some parts the violence broke out in Hindu-Muslim. There were no signs of complete resistance where in an absolutely unsuccessful attempt was made. The model shown in figure on next page illustrates the possible end results of a leaders influence. Gandhi power and Influence tactics_1.png 3.1) DESCRIPTION AND EXPLANATION OF INFLUENCE TACTICS Influence tactics are classified as those that are essentially ethical and honest versus those that are essentially manipulative and devious. Gandhiji has always used his ideals and principle in which he had beliefs to influence people. Non-violence was one of the biggest influencing tools that Gandhiji used throughout. Gandhi always practiced as well as preached the importance of honesty, self dependency and courage. He had a completely ethical and honest approach to his ideologies. Considering that his influence tactics falls in to the category of Essentially Ethical and Honest Tactics. Essentially Ethical and Honest Tactics Used with tact, diplomacy, and good intent, the tactics described in this section can facilitate getting others to join you in accomplishing a worthwhile objective. These tactics vary in complexity and the time required to develop them. 1. Leading by Example and Respect. A simple but effective way of influencing group members is leading by example, or leading by acting as a positive role model. Being respected facilitates leading by example. Gandhi use to weave his clothes by himself. He appealed people to stop using western clothes and use the clothes made in India. He got a terrific response from the people wherein thousands of them burnt their clothes. 2. Using Rational Persuasion. To implement this tactic, the leader uses logical arguments and factual evidence to convince another person that a proposal or request is workable and likely to result in goal attainment. Rational persuasion is likely to be the most effective with people who are intelligent and rational. A major intervening variable in rational persuasion is the credibility of the influence agent. A subtle factor is that credible people are perceived as having higher power. Gandhi was an astute individual he always used simple facts and witty humour to convince another person. He had knowledge of law and during many incidences particularly a court scene in champaner where he refuses to pay for bail, refrain from leaving the village as well and agrees to stay in jail knowing it would be difficult for court to keep him. Also many such logical arguments can be cited in the movie during his negotiations with the British, his comrade, press people and general public. He backe d up his belief in non-violence by providing the evidence of his struggle for civil rights movement in South Africa. Gandhis character and leadership style South African president recently quoted pertaining to Gandhiji You produced a lawyer and we produced a leader out of him. Indeed, the first colours of this great leaders charisma were evident in South Africa when he was thrown out of first class compartment on racial basis. Gandhijis self respect and an absolutely intolerant attitude to injustice made him to take a stand to proclaim the rights to be treated as equal citizen of Empire by peaceful means. He had a completely impartial view and courage to an extent that he was willing to take a blow but not accept injustice. His strong belief on the cause he was working on helped him to gain faith of the people and he gave them a way. This eventually led to reconsideration and abolition of act pertaining to racial discrimination of Indians in South Africa. According to Weber (1947) charisma occurs during a social crisis, when a leader emerges with a radical vision that offers a solution to the crisis, and attracts followers who believes in the vision Particular situation in South Africa was emergent where in Gandhiji came out to be a strong and a highly charismatic leader. He had a vision to fight against the indiscriminate rules and eradicate them which he did successfully. Self- confidence, strong conviction in his beliefs, and high expectations and confidence on the abilities of the followers are clear evidences of a strong charismatic leader which Gandhi showed. Evidence is very well supported by current theories of charismatic leadership.. On his return to India, Gandhiji was looked upon with lots of hopes and expectation especially after the triumph in South Africa and his writing skills. In India he faced with a broader vision of a Home Rule Movement. Gandhijis participation in peasants problems against landlord in champaner signifies to large extend his stubborn nature and belief to fight against indiscrimination and injustice. It started when an individual approached Gandhiji with the problems the peasants in champaner were facing. Gandhijis presence there to fight the problem clearly demonstrated the importance, respect, individual attention and consideration to an individual. His rational approach towards the problem was very different and intellectually stimulating than what was expected, but it yield results. Victory in champaner had a message that speeded all across India, it was a new way to fight and win. Above observations guides towards the Transformation Leadership characteristics that Gandhiji demonstrated. According to Bass, transformational leadership can be defined based on the impact that it has on followers. Transformational leaders, Bass suggested, garner trust, respect and admiration from their followers. Various components that are part of transformational leadership are presented on the next page. 4.1) Transformational Leadership:- Bass suggested that there were four different components of transformational leadership. Idealized Influence The transformational leaders serves as a role model for followers. Because followers trust and respect the leader, they emulate the leader and internalize his or her ideals. Before Gandhi came to India he was already known for his writing and non-violent movement in South Africa. After he successfully fought to waver of the taxes for the peasants people of the entire nation looked up to him. Individualized Consideration Transformational leadership also involves offering support and encouragement to individual followers. In order to foster supportive relationships, transformational leaders keep lines of communication open so that followers feel free to share ideas and so that leaders can offer direct recognition of each followers unique contributions. Gandhiji believed that to effectively lead people he need to know and understand them at the grass root level. His expeditions to discover India illustrate the same. He believed that effective communication was a must to convey the message to the masses. And true representative of people should stand with the people and only than they will be able to face any challenges together. Inspirational Motivation Transformational leaders have a clear vision that they are able to articulate to followers. These leaders are also able to help followers experience the same passion and motivation to fulfil these goals. Gandhi always made his vision very clear and also the means by which he wanted to achieve it. He had a principle based approach which suited the people of India and people started looking up to him as the saw the feasibility of the goal achievement. Intellectual Stimulation Transformational leaders not only challenge the status quo; they also encourage creativity among followers. The leader encourages followers to explore new ways of doing things and new opportunities to learn. Gandhi used his writings and speeches to stimulate the masses. His writings were so impressive that people who were non aggressive in nature actually started believing that they could be a part of movement and contribute. Below figure illustrates the transformational characteristics transformational Leadership.jpg 4.2 Ethical Leadership As can be observed throughout the movie Gandhijis battle was totally based on moral values, ethics, spirituality, family values and religious insights. He based his leadership on these grounds and people called him a Mahatma meaning a great soul. He always encouraged ethical practises like self discipline and dependency (weaving his own clothes), abolition of untouchability, truth and love. Gandhi had a high impact on the people because of his ethical characteristics of his leadership resulting into people giving up the foreign clothes and started weaving their own khadi clothes. Below figure shows the various aspects of ethical leadership. Ethical leadership theories fall into two categories Leaders conduct and Leaders character Leaders conduct Consequences (Theological theories) Focus on what is right and what is wrong. Below table illustrates the different type of theological theories. Ethical egoism An individual should act to create the greatest good for themselves. A leaders should take a career that they would selfishly enjoy (Avolio Locke, 2002). This is closely related to transactional leadership theories. Utilitarianism We should act to create the greatest good for the greatest number. Maximize the social benefits while minimizing the social costs (Shumann, 2001). Altruism This is the opposite of Ethical Egoism and is concerned with showing the best interest for others even when it runs contrary to self-interest. Authentic transformational leadership is based on altruistic behaviour (Bass, Steidlmeier, 1999). Gandhi particularly demonstrated altruism in his acts. He fasted for several days to drive people towards his purpose of stopping violence. He never cared what impact it had on his own health, he persistently strived till he could see a desired outcome. Duty (Deontological Theories) This is telling the truth, keeping promises, being fair, independent of the consequences. Gandhi always preached honest and was completely unbiased in his approach. This was very much evident when he asks his wife to leave the house when she disagrees to clean the toilets. Actions should not infringe on others rights and should not further the moral rights of others. Gandhis struggle for a civil rights movement in South Africa was a part of his belief that such unjust laws cant be forced on people and they should be treated equally on moral and humanitarian basis. Leaders Character:- Virtue-based theories These are not innate, but can be acquired. They are rooted in heart of the individual and in their disposition. It focuses on telling people what to be as opposed of what to do Examples include courage, temperance, generosity, self-control, honesty, sociability, modesty, fairness, and justice. This theory is about being and becoming a worthy human being. Above attributes of virtue based theories can be perfectly related to Gandhis behaviour, belief and preaching on numerous occasions throughout the movie. Analysis of followers Initially in South Africa the followers were sceptical about Gandhi resulting into a rather low turnout in one of the meeting he called for. His adamant attitude to burn the passes even after getting repeated blows from the police had a message in it. The rule was barred and people opened up to Gandhis courage. They started believing and trusting him for fighting against the civil rights movement in South Africa. Gandhi was successful and emerged as a popular leader. Even before he came to India he was a hero for his triumph in South Africa. Gandhi wanted people in India to identify him as one among them, so he went to the people, heard their grievances and fought with them. Such type of attributes has a high impact on people as they start identifying the leader among themselves, started perceiving Gandhi to be trustworthy thereby giving up autonomy. Gandhis leadership style was more of a followers-centric type. Followers who perceive the leader as responsible for making decisions (U hl-Bien Pillai, 2007) are less likely to take an active role in the decision-making process, thereby giving up autonomy. Robert E. Kelley described five styles of followership categorized according to two dimensions. The first dimension: Independent, critical thinking, versus dependent, uncritical thinking. Independent thinking recalls the discussion of mindfulness; independent thinkers are mindful of the effects of peoples behaviour on achieving organizational goals. A dependent, uncritical thinker does not consider possibilities, does not contribute to the cultivation of the organization, and accepts the leaders ideas without thinking characterized by a need for constant supervision and prodding. The second dimension: Active versus passive behaviour. An active individual participates fully in the organization, and a passive individual is characterized by a need for constant supervision and prodding. The extent to which one is active or passive and is critical, independent thinker versus a dependent, uncritical thinker determines a type of followership style. Below figure depicts the dimensions and the types of followers. Followers.png Below table illustrates a brief description of type of followers. Alienated Follower Alienated followers are often effective followers who have experienced setbacks and obstacles, perhaps broken promises by superiors. They focus exclusively on the shortcomings of the organization and other people. Conformist Followers A conformist carries out any and all orders regardless of the nature of the tasks, participating willingly but without considering the consequences. The only concern is to avoid conflict. Pragmatic Followers This type of follower uses whatever style best benefits a personal position and minimizes risk. Pragmatic survivors emerge when the organization faces desperate times, and followers do whatever is needed to get themselves through the difficulty. Passive Follower Being passive and uncritical, this type of follower displays neither initiative nor a sense of responsibility. Passive followers are often the result of leaders who are over controlling and punish mistakes. Effective Follower Effective followers behave the same toward everyone, regardless of their position. They do not try to avoid risk or conflict. They initiate change and put themselves at risk to serve the best interest of the organization; they are characterized by both mindfulness and a willingness to act. Gandhis followers were more of a conformist kind as they complied to his orders irrespective of whatever he asked them to do. Evidence of this was found after the salt satyagrah when they went ahead and took the beatings irrespective of the consequences without any retaliation. When Gandhi called for a salt satyagrah because of unlawful enforcement of taxes on salt millions of people marched behind him. Also the appeal made by Gandhiji to give up the western clothes and use those made in India was exemplary of how followers were ignorant of the consequences. It was the kind of influence Gandhi had on them and the trust they showed on Gandhis decisions. Development as a Leader To be optimally effective, leadership development must be consistent with an organizations competitive strategy as well as with other human resources activities (Day2000; McCall, 1998). In the context of above description we can say that Gandhis leadership skills developed from those in South Africa to those in India. Even though what was common at both places were his belief on his principles. From being a leader of a community he turned to become a leader of masses. In South Africa Gandhi fought in suite and tie he wore same clothes as people there. He was not an eloquent speaker at that time as he was suggested to improve on those skills of his. His strong beliefs, courage and adamant attitude led a success in civil right movements in Africa. But when he came to India he knew it was a different battle all together, there were expectation of millions of people riding on his shoulder. He took his time to know the people of India went across the country lived with them and heard there problems personally. He adapted to the situations in India realising that Indian battle for independence cant be fought in same way as that in Africa. He led in an exemplary way in India, wore clothes of a peasant, lived in a small house, weaved his own clothes his approach was more on ethical bases. In the later part it can also be observed that he came out as a better and a confident speaker . Because of his understanding of the people he had a clear vision of how he wanted to lead the battle for independence. He was always in control of the situations that were going on in the country. His effective negotiations skills while dealing with the British authorities were the evidence of his maturity as a leader. Conclusion Movie Gandhi depicts a clear picture of Gandhi as a successful leader. Gandhi gave a nation to the people of India and satyagrah to the world one of the most revolutionary approach to struggle. Gandhi was a leader who inspired and still continues to inspire, people of all nation with his ethical and ideological legacy. Martin Luther King, Nelson Mandela and many other leaders follow his example. Frail, bespectacled figure with simple clothes and the ready smile led India to march on the path of glory on the basis of sheer principles and ethics which he preached and practiced. As he always said Be the change you want to see in the world.

Apple’s Macintosh Computers: A Technology That Achieved Dominance Essay

1) Choose a technology and assess the process of dominance that led to a leading technology standard using the factors, battle milestones, and key phases of dominance from the article, Suarez, F. 2004. â€Å"Battles for technological dominance: an integrative framework†, Research Policy. Volume 33, Issue 2, pp. 271†286. A technology that achieved dominance is Apple’s Macintosh computers. According to Suarez’s article (1)â€Å"A technology—broadly defined as a set of pieces of knowledge, some of which are embodied in physical devices and equipment—becomes dominant as the result of a complex process by which several competing alternatives and versions are de-selected until a preferred technological â€Å"hierarchy† becomes evident†. Apple’s Macintosh and Microsoft’s Personal Computer, have been competing against each other for a number of years. However, Apple has distinguished itself from its competitors, and therefore achieved dominance. The factors contributing to a technology’s dominance influence the outcome of the technology battle. These factors are split into two groups. The first group is the Firm-Level Factors, which consist of the firm’s: Technological Superiority, Complementary Assets and Credibility, Installed Base, and Strategic Maneuvering. (1). There are a number of companies that offer personal computers to consumers, with many having similarities. To distinguish their computers from competing alternatives, Apple provides compatibility with their other products, such as the IPod and IPhone. Surprisingly, technological superiority does not always lead to dominance. (1) The differences between the technology and the competing alternatives must be great in order for it to dominate. In the case of Apple’s Macintosh, the unique I... ...ts. The fourth phase is the Decisive Battle, which means competitors develop a customer base. This is an important phase as customer’s decisions can greatly affect the firm. The last phase is Post Dominance, which clearly shows the dominant technology has emerged in the market. This phase can last for a long period of time. 1. Suarez, F. (n.d.). Battles for technological dominance: an integrative framework..com. Retrieved November 10, 2013, from http://www.sciencedirect.com 2. Martellaro, J. (n.d.). Surprise: Apple Sells to the Federal Government. The Mac Observer. Retrieved November 10, 2013, from http://www.macobserver.com/tmo/article/su 3. Licensing Brief - Licensing Windows and Microsoft Office to Use with the Apple Mac. (n.d.). Microsoft Volume. Retrieved November 10, 2013, from http://www.microsoft.com/licensing/about-licensing/briefs/apple-mac.aspx

Analysis of an American Trial: The Salem Witch Trials :: American America History

Analysis of an American Trial: The Salem Witch Trials The Salem Witch Trials all began on January 20, 1692, with nine-year-old Elizabeth "Betty" Parris and eleven-year-old Abigail Williams, daughter and niece of the village reverend Samuel Parris, beginning to exhibit strange behavior, such as blasphemous screaming, convulsive seizures, trance-like states and mysterious spells. Within a short period of time, several other Salem girls began to illustrate similar behavior; physicians resolved that the girls were under the control of Satan. Reverend Parris conducted prayer services and public fasting in hopes of relieving the evil forces that tormented them. In an effort to expose the "enchantress", one man baked a "witch cake" made with rye bran and the urine of the ill girls. This counter-magic was meant to reveal the identities of the "witched" to the ailing girls. Pressured to identify the cause of their misfortune, the girls named three women, including Tituba, Samuel Parris' slave, as witches. On February 29, warrants were dispatched for the arrests of Tituba, Sarah Good, and Sarah Osborne. Although Osborne and Good sustained guiltlessness, Tituba confessed to seeing Lucifer, who appeared to her "sometimes like a hog and sometimes like a great dog." What's more, Tituba certified that there was a collaboration of witches at work in Salem. On March 1, Magistrates John Hathorne and Jonathon Corwin investigated the three women in the courthouse in Salem Village. Tituba confessed to pursuing black magic. Over the next few weeks, other villagers came forward and testified that they too had been traumatized by or had seen strange phantoms of some of the village members. As the witch-hunting prolonged, charges were made toward many different people. Frequently unmasked were women whose behavior was somehow disturbing to the social order and formalities of the time. Some of the accused had records of unlawful pastimes, including witchery, but others were faithful churchgoers and people of high status in the society. From Mid-March to early April, Martha Corey, Rebecca Nurse, Elizabeth Proctor, and Sarah Cloyce were accused of witchcraft. Soon after Corey, Nurse, and Proctor were examined before Magistrates Hathorne, Corwin, Deputy Governor Thomas Danforth, and Captain Samuel Sewall. During this analysis, John Proctor was also jailed. Then Abigail Hobbs, Bridget Bishop, Giles Corey and Mary Warren were taken into account. The only one to confess was Hobbs. On April 22, Nehemiah Abbot, William and Deliverance Hobbs, Edward and Sara Bishop, Mary Easty, Mary Black, Sarah Wildes, and Mary English were examined before Hathorne and Corwin.

Is It Wrong To Prevent People From Expressing Wrong Ideas? :: essays research papers

Is it wrong to prevent people from expressing â€Å"wrong† ideas?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is not wrong to prevent people from expressing their â€Å"wrong† ideas because everyone is entitled to their own opinions. Freedom of speech is something that we all are able to exercise freely in the United States. The right to one’s own thoughts and their disposition is a fundamental human right. If they choose to share them, they also have the right to control the way in which they may be shared. In this way, intellectual property rights and free expression are inextricably linked. Perhaps the most essential right is that of communication. Without the freedom to communicate, other rights deteriorate. The right to communicate however is also exercised by providing a forum for those who have been denied a means to speak out on important issues. When told about the acts that occurred in Travers Hall, I was very upset that people would have the decency to deface school property and inflict some kind of hurt towards people. Although some people just look at this incident as nothing, it was clearly something. This is still an issue that needs to be addressed to the college students. The person(s) responsible for this act used it as a way to express themselves against the other ethnic backgrounds that live on campus. Since the first day of school, we have been constantly reminded of the topic of â€Å"Diversity†. When asked what the word â€Å"diversity† means, one can come up with many definitions. Some that come to mind are means different ethnicity, race, nationality or culture. It can also be illustrated as people with different thoughts and ideas, social status or economic/education levels or different religious backgrounds. Now with this in mind, why would people deface property with racial slurs and artwork? These people are absent-minded of the fact that there are many ethnic groups on campus. Everyone should be treated as equals, despite race, religion, sex, etc. Ignorance should not be tolerated. One way to try to prevent this from happening again would be to inform people of what has happened and the penalties that come with this offense. This should not and will not be tolerated. The people who were affected by all of this are afraid. These people should not have to fear for their lives when living here. Is It Wrong To Prevent People From Expressing Wrong Ideas? :: essays research papers Is it wrong to prevent people from expressing â€Å"wrong† ideas?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is not wrong to prevent people from expressing their â€Å"wrong† ideas because everyone is entitled to their own opinions. Freedom of speech is something that we all are able to exercise freely in the United States. The right to one’s own thoughts and their disposition is a fundamental human right. If they choose to share them, they also have the right to control the way in which they may be shared. In this way, intellectual property rights and free expression are inextricably linked. Perhaps the most essential right is that of communication. Without the freedom to communicate, other rights deteriorate. The right to communicate however is also exercised by providing a forum for those who have been denied a means to speak out on important issues. When told about the acts that occurred in Travers Hall, I was very upset that people would have the decency to deface school property and inflict some kind of hurt towards people. Although some people just look at this incident as nothing, it was clearly something. This is still an issue that needs to be addressed to the college students. The person(s) responsible for this act used it as a way to express themselves against the other ethnic backgrounds that live on campus. Since the first day of school, we have been constantly reminded of the topic of â€Å"Diversity†. When asked what the word â€Å"diversity† means, one can come up with many definitions. Some that come to mind are means different ethnicity, race, nationality or culture. It can also be illustrated as people with different thoughts and ideas, social status or economic/education levels or different religious backgrounds. Now with this in mind, why would people deface property with racial slurs and artwork? These people are absent-minded of the fact that there are many ethnic groups on campus. Everyone should be treated as equals, despite race, religion, sex, etc. Ignorance should not be tolerated. One way to try to prevent this from happening again would be to inform people of what has happened and the penalties that come with this offense. This should not and will not be tolerated. The people who were affected by all of this are afraid. These people should not have to fear for their lives when living here.

Middleware Essay

What is middleware? The term middleware is defined by one’s point of view. It is used to describe a broad array of tools and data that help applications use networked resources and services. Some tools, such as authentication and directories, are in all categorizations. Other services, such as coscheduling of networked resources, secure multicast, object brokering and messaging, are the major middleware interests of particular communities, such as scientific researchers and business systems vendors. One definition that reflects this breadth of meaning is â€Å"Middleware is the intersection of the stuff that network engineers don’t want to do with the stuff that applications developers don’t want to do. † Why is middleware important? Middleware has emerged as a critical second level of an enterprise IT infrastructure, sitting on top of the network level. The need for middleware stems from the increasing growth in the number of applications, in the customizations within those applications and the number of locations in our environments; these and other factors now require that a set of core data and services be moved from their multiple instances into a centralized institutional offering. This central provision of service eases application development, increases robustness, assists data management, and provides overall operating efficiencies. Okay, so it is important. Lots of things are these days. Why is it urgent? There are several drivers bringing middleware to campus; Advanced scientific computing environments such as PACI are placing requirements on campus researchers for middleware services such as authentication and directories. Library projects such as the UCOP/Columbia certificate project will be extending across a broader higher ed community . The Federal government is preparing requirements for digital signatures for student loan forms. New versions of software, such as Windows 2000, come with the tools to build ad hoc middleware components. What is urgent is that the campus builds a coherent infrastructure to respond to these drivers. What makes the higher ed and research communities distinctive in its need for middleware? Many companies and other communities of interest are rapidly understanding the importance of middleware to their missions and are proceeding with development. Higher education faces unique technical and policy issues in its deployment. Technical issues include the mobility of students, the diversity of equipment, and advanced application requirements. Policy issues include ownership of data, FERPA and other public records issues, and extended collaborative relationships. Together these considerations make the middleware deployment significantly harder within higher education. When middleware becomes part of the IT environment, how critical will a robust infrastructure be? The middleware components of the future IT environment will be every bit as critical as the underlying network infrastructure, requiring 7Ãâ€"24 service, high-performance, and appropriate redundancy. Directory services will be receive millions of hits per day; identifiers will have explicit control mechanisms; attribute services will be invoked by almost every application on campus; lawyers will place stringent operational constraints on security services. Is middleware a centralized or distributed issue on campus? It is both. Like network services on campus, there is a need for a consistent infrastructure across campus that is best provisioned centrally. At the same time, much of the contents of this infrastructure are best maintained by the individuals themselves and their departments. The trick is to create a centrally coordinated service that provides tools and authority for distributed management of the contents. Aren’t we going to get middleware from the commercial marketplace? It is certainly the case that most basic middleware products that higher education will deploy commercial products, from broad software companies such as Microsoft and Novell, and from specific product providers such as Netscape, HP, and ATT. However a number of distinctive characteristics of the higher ed community create design considerations that in turn cause complex implementations. In addition, the research part of the academic enterprise needs additional discipline-specific middleware that is likely not going to attract a commercial interest. Finally, the collaborative nature of higher education suggest interoperability issues that must be addressed within the community. What kind of investments will campuses need to make? Like networking, middleware will require considerable commitments of time and money. However, the types of costs are different. Networking has required large sums of capital (for fiber, routers, switches, etc. ) and considerable operating costs (for external access, maintenance, etc. ) Personnel costs have been relatively modest. For middleware, the hardware costs (servers, readers, etc. are likely to be relatively low. Software costs are unclear now, but there are clearly considerable expenses in building bridges to legacy systems and evolving middleware-enabled applications. Unlike networking, there is a second major cost component in middleware – process time. A campus must develop consensus and support for the need for middleware, clarify data ownership and management issues, specify relationships among individuals, groups and information technology objects, establish legal agreements and change the way that information is managed on the campus. How does the Internet2 Middleware Initiative intend to address these needs? Efforts will focus on advancing the level of middleware within higher education through a set of related activities, including fostering technical standards, aggregating and disseminating technical design and implementation strategies, fostering opportunities for vendors and Internet2 members to shape and deploy products, and integrating efforts with particular scientific and research communities. What should campuses be doing now? It is not to early for campuses to begin the processes that address the â€Å"policy-side† of the challenge, building awareness about the need for middleware, identifying key constituencies that will be involved in the process, and taking basic inventories of the data and management relationships on campus. At the same time, experimentation in the core technologies, most notably in directory services, should be undertaken.

TKAM

A hero is a mortal who carries divergent qualities and abilities and is admired by differents for his achievements and his last deeds. In the book To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, tactical hu hu creation be pop offnityeuver Finch is exhi collati unrivaledd as man who stuck with his morals, values, beliefs and ethics regarding every(prenominal) emplacements he was put together by dint of byout the unexampled. He stood on his ground, fashioning a luminous understanding to the mint of Macomb that null would affect his thinking.Finch is a hero through and through his effectuation that are underscored discipline through the evolve and his abilities that were demonstrated and explained through other characters in the novel. Despite every last(predicate) Finch took the contest of support a slanted man in the time of when slavery was abolished still cruddy concourse were thought to be lower than white people. In life, star is taught and influenced by m whatever o f how to approach, and solve problems. iodin should be open(a) of standing solid in his/her beliefs notwithstanding what others cogency non say. tactic Finch was a man who weighd in what was right as cliche as it might sound he did non believe in the popular convictions because according to him conquest was not in winning in fact he did not see loosing as long as he put his vanquish in the slur. lots in life, nonpareil confronts situations where they keep up to energise a decision, a decision that impart soupcon them to the right path and having unless one chance of doing so. Sometimes in failure was where one would find their victory.Tactics Finch, a successful lawyer in Macomb, Alabama, was real to take up the case of fend for a black or colored man as referred in the novel regardless of the usual Macomb disease that conquered the solid town. Finchs kids, Jean Louis offered as observation tower and hoarded wealth, were organism bullied in school for their make constituteing a black man that is maltreat no matter what the circumstances are. They were organism questioned and they questioned their father slightly why Finch would defend a black when it is not accredited or considered good in the people of Macomb.Tactics Finch was a nearly respected man of the town, he forever and a day knew what to do and what not to do. When the kids questioned he simply answered l am simply defending a sphacelus names Tom Robinson (Lee 75). Tactics Finch was a man of his words, once verbalise he put all his strength to accomplish the task. His self-reliance and dignity make him a sublime figure for the people in town, in fact m any people looked up to him. Once the word was spread of him pickings Robinsons case, the citizens knew that he might retributory have s chance of being unspoiltified.On the solar day of the Robinson Trial, when Tactics entered the court room people stood up for him as respect. Reverend Sykes had dismantle demand ed for pathfinder to stand up when her father entered the tribunal. Considering the fact that Sykes was black, all the colored groups stood up as head. atomic number 20, a black woman who clobberer in Finchs home, took Gem and Scout to her lack people church where they were not disrespected or kicked out rather was welcomed warmly. If Tactics had denied to take up Robinsons case than the situation would have been different because than the kids could have been handle the complete opposite.However, the black people wholly aware that Tactics definitely have the traits to handle much(prenominal) a mixed case in a such a difficult situation which Just made them respect him and his family more. Not Just taking up the Robinsons case made Finch a hero but it was throughout how he helped others in need. Finch was known as the i-Shot Finch as he was the best throttle in the whole town and got his work done in one gun-shot, no more than one. Finch had been successful in manner o f speaking the town from a mad get over by shooting at it with one shot.This was a new side to Finch that his kids were not aware of, and when witnessed it, it left them stumped. command Maude, a woman who unceasingly spoke with a reason, seemed to know Tactics pretty well, she told Gem and Finch, when younger Finch was known as the 01 One Shot (98 Lee). That had left the kids a bit confused since they were strangers to this news about their father. Miss Maude cleared their confusion that their father was capable of performing everything. Miss Maude told them that Tactics Finch was the best checker player and had knowledge in playing Jews harp.Tactics once said bumble never really know a man until you stand in his position and flip around in them and to Scout As Tactics advised me to, I assay to climb into Gems skin and walk in it were two clear examples of presentation how his kids followed his suggestions (Lee 57). Because for Gem and Scout he was a true hero in their eye they were so sure that Tactics Finch would clear it his best regardless of how implicated the situation is. Their father was who they looked up to and knew that he was always jell.Not did he only defend a black male, but remained respectful to everyone in the town including Mrs.. Dubos. Mrs.. Dubos remained grouchy and mean all the time to everyone, Tactics always tried to ignore her ignorance and talk to her in a cheerful- attitude You look like a picture this tied(p)ing(Lee 100). Mrs.. Dubos was not the only one that Tactics tolerated, but his sister, Alexandra likewise gave him, the kids and mainly California a really difficult time. Tactics and the kids thought of California as their Emily member however, Aunt Alexandra never appreciated their presence.Also, as Tactics said Scaloppinis not leaving this house until she wants to. Shes a faithful member of this family (Lee 137). Tactics is a major influence to others especially when he is clearly highlighted that courage and believing in one self helps to overcome any obstacle that comes in ones way. Tactics verbalize in the book that you must compete despite you seeing chances of loosing more than winning. He did not believe racism represented as he was the one who went out in the courtroom to defend a black despite seeing no chances of him inning.He was well aware that no matter how upstanding his case would be racism would always come in the way and clog from him wining however, that did not discourage in fact it Just made him work harder on his case and presented exceptionally well which even left the audience in the courtroom stumped. Finch believed in equality, and no matter what race you are humanity should always exist no matter what the circumstances become. He fought till the very end, from risking his life for Robinson to making a solid and strong reference which was mind blowing end to the case.Finch protected his family well which he also took pride in ergo, he never got egotistical about it because often he doubted himself not to be a good father despite him trying so hard to be a good. He was able to give his children advice on what they were struggling on. Finch was a strong, determined man who did not tolerate any kind of nonsense and only went through decisions of his own that he thought were correct in is eyes Often in life, one confronts situations where they have to make a decision, a decision that will lead them to the right path and having only one chance of doing so.

Development of Gothic Architecture in Relationship to Medieval Society

The diaphragm Ages c over a thousand year span. The period began aft(prenominal) the schism of the fifth century in which the Roman empire was split into east and west. It continued until the sound of the Protestant Reformation in the sixteenth century. The knightly period was notable for the origins and bafflement of knightly architecture. Beca make use of in that location was so practic eithery upheaval during the optic Ages, the oneness constant was the Church. At that time the only denomination was Catholic.The Church was usually the largest structure in the chivalrous environment and was a main gathering coiffure in which a variety of functions (which today would be provided by civicbuildings), occurred. (The midriff Ages, 1). Since the holy Catholic Church had already been a super positionful institution at the conclusion of the Roman Empire, it continued to be the unifying force among the numerous small lands that would develop into Europe. Replete with i ts own laws and large coffers, it wielded overmuch wreak during this time ( Enter the center of attention Ages, 1).In profit, it had kept much from the ruins of the ancient world and became one of the centers of learning during during the midpoint Ages. Not only did the Church preserve much of classical Latin knowledge, nevertheless it also maintained the art of writing.The duomos developed learning exceptionalties such as rhetoric or logic in schools named cathedral schools. (Middle Ages, Learners. Org, 1). Whether ones station was that of lowly nipper or of noble lord, the Church touched ein truthones life. Rank or class did not matter. inwardly towns , with the exception of a small amount of Jews, everyone in Europe was Christian. However, beyond the core beas of western Europe, on that point remained many people with little or no contact with either Christianity or classical culture.Outside the deurbanized remnants of cities the index of the telephone ex reposition government was greatlylessened and governmental authority was delegated to local lords who supported themselves directly from the territories over which they held power. This was the beginning of the feudal system ( Enter the Middle Ages, 1). For safety and defense people in the Middle Ages formed small communities around a central lord or master, breathing on a manor , which consisted of the castle, the perform, the village, and outlying farmland. In exchange for living on his land, the lord gave protection to his serfs. Manors were isolated with daily visits from peddlers, pilgrims on their room to the Crusades, or soldiers from another(prenominal) fiefdoms.(Sobol, 22).Bishops, who were much wealthy, and came from noble families, ruled over a sort of parishes called a diocese. Parish non-Christian priests, however, came from humbler backgrounds and often had little education. The village priest tended the poor and sick, and if he was capable, taught Latin and the Bible to the youth of the village. (Enter the Middle Ages, 2). Medieval cathedrals somemultiplication functioned as market moves with the unlike portals of the marketplaces containing sellers with their produce items such as textiles might be at one end, while fuel, vegetables, and meat at another. Sometimes the clergy tried to put a forbear to the marketers. They tried to block access to the cathedral. But it was in vain.The sellers were not taxed on the items they sold inside the church service while the items they sold outside were. (Chartres, 1). The Church was all in all during medieval times. From the moment of its baptism a few days after birth, a infant began its life of service to the Lord and to His Church. As the kidskin developed , it would be taught basic prayers- and unless ill- would go to church every week. Every person was required to put iner heavy taxes to support the Church.The reward for this was being shown the way to complete(a) life andhappiness- a great get b y off for lives that were often short and difficult. In addition to collecting taxes, the Church also granted special favors for people who wanted assurance of a place in heaven. Gifts in the form of land, crops, flocks, and even serfs locomote into the coffers. All this largess allowed the Church to become very powerful. As a result, it often employed this power to exploit kinds and do as they wanted. (Enter the Middle Ages, 2). The power continued with the Pope who was considered to be theologys representative on earth. If someone went against the Church, the Pope could curse them.This meant that the person could not attend any more(prenominal) than church services or receive the sacrament, gum olibanum ensuring that they would go straight to hell when they died. At a time when everyone believed in heaven and hell, and all belonged to the Church, this cutting out was an unbearable horror. (Ibid, 2). The population increased throughout the Middle Ages. As it expanded in th e 12th century, the display case of church that had previously been used for worship the ones create in the Roman or Romanesque style, with round arched roofs, became too small. Some of the grand cathedrals became maxed to their structural limits.Although they build more mightily, going ever higher and larger, it appeared to be too much and these grander edifices collapsed within a century or less of their construction ( Enter the Middle Ages, 3). Enter a man who was about to change the style of these Middle Age churches and with it, bring forth a whole new field of architecture- gothic. Abbe Suger had been machine-accessible with the Church of canonise Denis in Paris for a good part of his life. The building needed repairs, so he took on the reconstruction, bringing in the finest of behaveers from the humble countries and from Italy.For his inspiration, Abbe Sugerlooked to Canterbury cathedral. Pilgrimages had been an important part of apparitional life in the Middle Age s as people journeyed to visit spiritual shrines. Suger particularly admired Canterbury Cathedral for its stained ice-skating rink windows. Desirous of creating a physical representation of the the heavenly Jerusalem, Suger aimed for a place of light that would speak of the electropositive aspects of the religious life Redemption as contrasted to the hellfire and damnation that was constantly being sermonized in the dark and dank Romanesque churches.Suger conceived of the idea lux continua this possible action would transform his church into one ofradiance and splendor, magnifying the spirit. He and his team gave themselves to the reconstruction of the church. After a quad year renovation, the choir was completed in 1144. In a magnificent ceremony, complete with King Louis VI and Eleanor, and other notables, the church was dedicated to the Lord. With its thin columns, stained glass windows, and a sense of verticality, the choir of Saint Denis originated the elements that wo uld be developed further during the Gothic period. right away architects were able to expand Saint Denis upward to more than twice the height of the earlier cathedral and forgo the walls to be filled with stainedglass.The great country of glass patroned Abbe Suger with his goal of lux continua. These brightly sorry stained glass windows were decorated with parables and stories of the Bible that would help inform the illiterate in their faith. Trade guilds funded other windows and the decorations contained within demonstrated what life was like during this medieval time. Saint Denis was designed along the lines of sacred geometry the use of number angles, shapes that mirror the principle of the faithful believer, and immobile buttresses that would support those higher ceilings and slender columns the verticality suggesting aspirations to heavenAdditionally, Saint Denis contained a golden cross and a golden altar where kings and nobles donated their precious jewels (Gothic Art a nd Abbe Suger, 1)The influence this church had over French architecture was sullen because it was also a political symbol. Suger virtually ran the kingdom while Louis VI was away on the Crusade. even for Suger, the Church was neither political symbol nor an architectural one, but solely a religious symbol. His main goal in its design was to honor God and Saint Denis. Suger had become fascinated by the religious implications of the light. He had inscribed on the main doors, whichare representative of the passion and resurrection of Christ The noble take a shit is bright, but being nobly bright That work should brighten the minds, allowingThem to travel through the light. To the truth where Christianity is the trustworthy door (Simson,111). The Gothic style had emerged. It would give rescind to the development of many other buildings and cathedrals who copied its characteristics, the most subgross of which was its verticality. A skeletal stone structure, pointed arches using the elliptical shape, ribbed vaults, clustered columns, sharply pointed spires, flyingbuttresses and sculptural gargoyles became part of the Gothic look. (The History of Art, 255).One of the most acme examples of Gothic architecture can be found in Chartres Cathedral. Chartres, fifty miles from Paris, is considered to be extremely groovy in its use of the Gothic elements. It was rebuilt in the Gothic style after a fire had decimated the building. Called a miracle of stained glass and stone, it was created in the form of a cruciform and dedicated in 1260. Chartres contains one of the most complete collections of medieval stained glass in the world. The Rose Window contains a sun and a rose.Jesus Christ, the Son, represents the sun, while Mary is the rose without thorns. Also in that respect are depictions of kings and lords in additional stained glass, but their lower elevation connotes submission to the Lord. Along with many stained glass windows containing biblical stories which are typological allegories in the midst of the Old Testament prophecies and the New Testament, there is much statuary. Rows of arches and niches within the arches contain the statues. (Chartres,Online 1). Within the confines of the Cathedral is a sacred relic that was given by King Charlemagne. It is called the Sancta Camisia, and is saidto be clothing irresolute by Mary.Charlemagne received it on a pilgrims journey to Jerusalem. This clothing, also called the cloak of the Virgin, was the source of much pilgrims journey during the medieval times. The Cathedral was the life of the town and these pilgrimages brought in much revenue that the town depended upon. These pilgrimages occurred four times a year. Chartres, Wikipedia, 1). Although Raphael despised the Gothic style and named it jeeringly after the savage Goths who had ransacked Rome, the style survived and is an everlasting style of beauty and majesty. It is a wonderful theatrical role from the Middle Ages.

Frost and Farley’s “The Road/Lover Not Taken” Essay

unitary of the close to illustrious American poets of his century, and of our propagation still, Robert freeze transp arnt in his whitethornhap most astray accepted poetry, The path counsel management non get wordn (1915) is adequate to(p) to in effect bushel the organic and quintessential condundrum brisk in beneficence which plagues the great comp championnt of to each one tender worlds existences existence.Conversely, the poet Blanche Farley, in a a alike meter authorise The sports fan not interpreted (1984) is sufficient to chip in readers more than than a picture glimpse, and whitethornhap, debateion, of the intimate whole shebang of the gracious psyche, and its complexities how eer frequently verging on a blackguard or mockery of rhymes make up it may inject on to be. twain writers atomic number 18 suit equal to wreak an construction of sympathy through and through their poetry. away from the fulgent similitude which exists in the hu homosexual dissembleion of freezing and Farleys poesy, The channel and The sports fan donation some former(a) acquainted(predicate) element. two argon troubled sense of humourh the natural forgiving torture and truthfulness of prime(prenominal). The look at to take away among dickens channelsteadtead to pace d take in by, or raw siennas to take for unmatcheds own and the misad imagine of cosmos at an reward or damage for choosing or dismissing a loer or pr constitutionally e actuallyplacebial pathway over the some otherwise is explicitly easy in twain poems. some(prenominal) frosting and Farley be up to(p) to hap the smashing anguish which is contendfully committed to the act of choosing, and perhaps sluice affliction the pointedness that nonp beil doesnt find the cleverness to venture and cognize two under(a)taking. freezes The itinerary not taken begins with the famous traces abideing the anteri orly menti cardinald panorama when he pronounces, cardinal avenues diverged in a yellow-belliedness woodland, / And wretched I could not motivity twain(prenominal)(prenominal) (1-2). In flake readers were futile to fill this occurrence political theory from the title yet, the same quoted lines are fitted to unshakable return and affirm it. The intent of Robert hoarfrosts poem output to resuscitate how he chose angiotensin-converting enzyme high passage over the other, one that appeared little than pleasant, save that which he proceeded to tread on in all the same(prenominal).And patronage already treading a persistent in it, hoar shortly survey of move and pass the other road instead, tho he resolves to have-to doe with on the road hes chosen, pronouncing, tho astute how way leads to way, / I doubted if I should ever come gage. (14-15). The poem competently culminates under a tiresome, tho burnished and affirmatory whole step in which the poet looks back on the tour hes taken, and affiliates I shall be angley this with a suspire / somewhere ages and ages wherefore / twain roads diverged in a wood, and I / I took the ones less travelled by, / And that has do all the difference. (16-20). The proverbial road and trip which the poet took, and which all(prenominal) man and woman, at one point or another, is needs rim to condense is highlighted in the poem. frosting stresses the freight or stupor that each case-by-cases plumpax contri stilles in the do of his or her life. The think line in the poem speaks to readers on a intuitive level because it encompasses an inwrought and fundamental construction of each respective(prenominal)s candor.In The lover non taken, Blanche Farley addresses this resembling expectation of humanity the imperishable wo(e) associated with choice albeit grow in parody, and perhaps stock-still comedy. Farley relates the old- agencyed harassment of be ing torn among lovers, playfully relating, at time subtly, and sometimes crudely, in a fashion or so identical to freezes previous poem, committed to one, she precious both / And, mulling it over, long she stood This newfound guy, good-tempered as a yellow wood / in reality turned her on. (1-2, 5-6)Farley harvest-feast to relate what she finds harming in both men, almost in a elan which appears achingly jejune, and the poet redeems herself with traces of wit and image which The devotee not taken is not without. The vote counter troubles herself with a survey of the consequences and ramifications that could peradventure obey if she was to pick one lover over the other alone like cover, the bank clerk is able to come to at a firm decision. Farley concludes the booster units concomitant condundrum in comedic triumphance by expressing, With that in mind, she took the spry way home, / The road by the pond, and call in the blond. (21-22) Blanche Farleys The caramel brown non taken may be contrastive compared to Robert Frosts sheer The path not taken in ground of the somberness of choices being discussed, but it nonetheless presents readers a reality which applies in the conclusion of human existence. It affirms the sentiment that the eternal curse which exists alongside adult males inherent need to bring is very more present, be it in something as arcane and immensely substantive as the trip both soul is vatic to encounter which ordain deviate their entire being, to something as manifestly banal, timeworn and change surface juvenile as unsure love.Ultimately,The alley not Taken and The fan non Taken, are both able to inflame the agony which lies in choices, merely disparate the weight of the concerns turn to in each poem may be, and in essence, both are able to reflect humanity. kit and caboodle CitedThe thoroughfare non Taken. Anthology Of Poetry. 27 February 2008. The caramel not Taken. Anth ology Of Poetry. 27 February 2008.